[公告] 人体一年可承受最大辐射：1000毫西弗

秋之皓月

人体一年可承受最大辐射：1000微西弗

　　核辐射主要分为α(阿尔法)、β(贝塔)、γ(伽玛)三种射线，自然界中很多物质都会产生这三种射线，因此人们总是生活在辐射中，只不过这些辐射对健康和生命不会产生危险而已。

　　辐射的剂量是以毫西弗或微西弗来表示，1毫西弗等于1000微西弗。不包括生活中的辐射，人体一年可承受的最大辐射为1000微西弗(1毫西弗)。

　　核辐射对人和生物的伤害，与核辐射的剂量、人们暴露于核辐射的时间以及核物质的半衰期有关，严重者可立即致死，具体而言：

　　当短时辐射量低于100毫西弗时，对人体没有危害；

　　如果超过100毫西弗，会对人体造成危害；

　　100到500毫西弗时，人们不会有感觉，但血液中白细胞数会减少；

　　1000到2000毫西弗时，可导致轻微的射线疾病，如疲劳、呕吐、食欲减退、暂时性脱发、红细胞减少等；

　　2000到4000毫西弗时，人的骨髓和骨密度受到破坏，红细胞和白细胞数量大量减少，有内出血、呕吐等症状；

　　大于4000毫西弗时能危及生命，但依然可以救治，成功率可达90%；

　　超过6000毫西弗时，救治存在一定困难；

　　超过8000毫西弗时，救治希望会比较渺茫。

farshine

黄道吉日

故事是酱紫发生的。。。

老秋：日本辐射量已经达到每小时161微西弗=每小时161000毫西弗！！！

发闪：哇，那么高！1毫西弗=1000微西弗！那岂不是每小时=161000000微西弗！！！！！！

老秋：又增高了1000倍？哇，161000000微西弗！！！！！！=161000000000毫西弗！！！！！！以后再也不吃鱼了！西海岸的同学们，赶快逃亡吧！

不弱：受不了了，受不了了！我要吼！立即给议员写信，美军接管抢险！

坐爱：号外！号外！东京沉没！东京沉没！小日本终于断根了！

。。。

黄道吉日

老秋一定是吃了受辐射的海鲜了,
换算关系应该是：
1msv=1000usv
1毫西弗=1000微西弗
farshine 发表于 2011-3-22 09:09

老秋卖热狗找零也这么算就好了。。。文学大妞？。。。

轻暮

谁能告诉我电脑和手机的辐射差不多是多少啊？

farshine

3月21日，东京电力公司公布的福岛第一核电站3号反应堆冒烟照片。当天，东京电力公司宣布，下午3点55分前后，福岛第一核电站3号反应堆所在建筑物的东南侧冒出灰烟，但是没有听到爆炸声。

　　每小时161微西弗 ＝ 每小时161000毫西弗！！！

所以20公里的疏散区太小， 政府的数字， 10X 才安全
秋之皓月 发表于 2011-3-22 02:26

老秋一定是吃了受辐射的海鲜了,
换算关系应该是：
1msv=1000usv
1毫西弗=1000微西弗

秋之皓月

14# not4weak


改了

秋之皓月

3月21日，东京电力公司公布的福岛第一核电站3号反应堆冒烟照片。当天，东京电力公司宣布，下午3点55分前后，福岛第一核电站3号反应堆所在建筑物的东南侧冒出灰烟，但是没有听到爆炸声。

　　据日本共同社报道，对福岛第一核电站1、2、3与4号核反应堆的恢复通电工作已经恢复。

　　此外，国际原子能机构官员21日称，在距离福岛第一核电站20公里的一个地区检测结果显示，那里的辐射量超过正常水平1600倍。

　　他说，国际原子能机构在福岛县浪江镇所收集的数据显示，那里的辐射量达到每小时161微西弗。

每小时161微西弗 ＝ 每小时161000毫西弗！！！

所以20公里的疏散区太小， 政府的数字， 10X 才安全

sniffer

15# 秋之皓月

It depends on what’s generating the radiation. If the radiation is from the cesium etc. released from the meltdown, the risk should be minimal as those isotopes degenerate within seconds. As long as you control the meltdown, then things should go back to normal quickly.

However, if the rad rate is sustained (ie. from the reactor 4’s spent fuel pool), let’s just say Fukushima would not by my first choice for holiday in the next 30 years


Here is research:
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievert . .
Single dose examples
•        Eating one banana: 0.0001 mSv
•        Sleeping next to a human for 8 hours: 0.0005 mSv[1]
•        Dental radiography: 0.005 mSv[2]
•        Average dose to people living within 16 km of Three Mile Island accident: 0.08 mSv; maximum dose: 1 mSv[3]
•        Mammogram: 3 mSv[2]
•        Brain CT scan: 0.8–5 mSv[4]
•        Chest CT scan: 6–18 mSv[4]
•        Gastrointestinal series X-ray investigation: 14 mSv[5]
•        International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended limit for volunteers averting major nuclear escalation: 500 mSv[6]
•        International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended limit for volunteers rescuing lives or preventing serious injuries: 1000 mSv[6]
[edit] Hourly dose examples
•        Approximate radiation levels near Chernobyl reactor 4 and its fragments, shortly[clarification needed] after explosion are reported to be 10–300 Sv/hr
[edit] Yearly dose examples
•        Living near a nuclear power station: 0.0001–0.01 mSv/year[5][1]
•        Living near a coal power station: 0.0003 mSv/year[1]
•        Cosmic radiation (from sky) at sea level: 0.24 mSv/year[5]
•        Terrestrial radiation (from ground): 0.28 mSv/year[5]
•        Natural radiation in the human body: 0.40 mSv/year[5]
•        Radiation produced by the granite of the United States Capitol building: 0.85 mSv/year[7]
•        Average individual background radiation dose: 2 mSv/year; 1.5 mSv/year for Australians, 3.0 mSv/year for Americans[1][8][3]
•        New York-Tokyo flights for airline crew: 9 mSv/year[8]
•        Atmospheric sources (mostly radon): 2 mSv/year[9][5]
•        Total average radiation dose for Americans: 6.2 mSv/year[10]
•        Smoking 1.5 packs/day: 13-60 mSv/year[7][11]
•        Current average limit for nuclear workers: 20 mSv/year[8]
•        Background radiation in parts of Iran, India and Europe: 50 mSv/year[8]
•        Lowest clearly carcinogenic level: 100 mSv/year[8]
•        Elevated limit for workers during Fukushima emergency: 250 mSv/year[12]
[edit] Dose limit examples
•        Criterion for relocation after Chernobyl disaster: 350 mSv/lifetime[8]
•        In most countries the current maximum permissible dose to radiation workers is 20 mSv per year averaged over five years, with a maximum of 50 mSv in any one year. This is over and above background exposure, and excludes medical exposure. The value originates from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and is coupled with the requirement to keep exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) – taking into account social and economic factors.[13]
•        Public dose limits for exposure from uranium mining or nuclear plants are usually set at 1 mSv/yr above background.[13]
[edit] Symptom benchmarks
Symptoms of acute radiation (within one day):[14]
•        0 – 0.25 Sv (0 - 250 mSv): None
•        0.25 – 1 Sv (250 - 1000 mSv): Some people feel nausea and loss of appetite; bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen damaged.
•        1 – 3 Sv (1000 - 3000 mSv): Mild to severe nausea, loss of appetite, infection; more severe bone marrow, lymph node, spleen damage; recovery probable, not assured.
•        3 – 6 Sv (3000 - 6000 mSv): Severe nausea, loss of appetite; hemorrhaging, infection, diarrhea, peeling of skin, sterility; death if untreated.
•        6 – 10 Sv (6000 - 10000 mSv): Above symptoms plus central nervous system impairment; death expected.
•        Above 10 Sv (10000 mSv): Incapacitation and death

秋之皓月

14# not4weak

没错， 不然美国航母也不会从185公里处逃到350公里处了。。。

因为， 他们觉得185公里处不安全。。。350公里才没事。。。

东京的距离是200公里。。。

not4weak

人体一年可承受最大辐射：1000微西弗?

题目错了吧... 1000毫?

蓉儿

News update, 3/18
Posted on March 18, 2011 10:19 am UTC by mitnse
News Brief, 3/18/11, 10 AM EDT
Spraying of spent fuel pools at Units 3 and 4 is still underway. Visual inspection of Unit 4’s pool showed water in the pool, and so efforts have been temporarily focused upon Unit 3. While efforts at using helicopters to dump water onto the pools had been largely unsuccessful , army firetrucks used in putting out aircraft fires have been employed with some success. The elite Tokyo Hyper Rescue component of the Tokyo fire department has arrived on scene and is conducting missions of roughly two hours in length, during which they spray the pools for 7-8 minutes, wait for steam to dissipate, and spray again.

A cable has been laid from a TEPCO power line 1.5 km from the facility, which will be used to supply power to emergency cooling systems of the reactors at Units 1 and 2.

Backup diesel generators have been connected to cool the spent fuel pools at Units 5 and 6. As of 4 PM JST, temperatures in those pools have reached 65.5 and and 62 degrees Celsius.

Visual inspections have been conducted of both the central spent fuel pool, which contains 60% of the facility’s fuel, and the dry cask storage area. Water levels at the central pool have been described as “secured”, and the dry casks show “no signs of an abnormal situation”. More detailed checks of these areas are planned for the future.

A Japanese government agency has released the results of radiation measurements at dozens of monitoring posts. See the data here: http://www.mext.go.jp/component/ ... 8/1303727_1716.pdf.

These measurements give doses in excess of background radiation, which is why some may appear low. High measurements at reading point 32 are thought to be the result of a controlled containment venting and a simultaneous fire which carried radioactive particles inland. Over the course of the incident, the general trend has been for weather patterns to sweep radioactive particles out to sea.

As a result of these radiation measurements and the ongoing work, the Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency upgraded the event to a 5 on the INES scale. This is the same level as the Three Mile Island accident, and two steps below Chernobyl.

Resources: ANS Nuclear Café’; World Nuclear News,; IAEA;  Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).

Note: We earlier reported the temperature of spent fuel pool 6 as 84 degrees C. This was a typographical error. We apologize for the mistake.

秋之皓月

懂行的都跑了。。。 最懂的是美国航母。。。 航母是带有一定量的核防护设施的， 如今， 医生也跑了。。。


据《图片报》3月17日报道，距离福岛核电站仅45公里，位于福岛县磐城市的共立医院（Kyoritsu）正面临缺医少药的局面。由于害怕核辐射威胁，部分医生已经逃走。

　　该院负责人62岁的植松真司（Nobuo Hiwatashi）显得很失望，他表示：“我们只剩下了5天的食物和3天的药品。很多医院的员工因为没有汽油无法来上班，还有很多人担心核辐射，已经逃走了。”

　　地震发生以来，该院仍有650名病人躺在病床上。超过一半的病人无人照料或缺乏护理，剩下的病人也无法转移。本来应该有108名医生的医院里，只剩下了约60名医生。离开的人中，有8名年轻医生得到了医院的许可，剩下的人在慌乱中逃走。

　　医院的护理人员中，也只有约一半人坚守工作岗位。80名护士与病人睡在一起。因为没有汽油，她们无法在家和医院之间往返。当地由于缺乏补给，大多数居民已经逃离家园。

　　据称，近期医院转移病人可能会发生灾难性的后果。大隈市一家医院在疏散过程中有14名老年病人死亡。南相马市鹿岛区的居民已经无法撤离，他们距离发生核辐射的地点只有约20公里，他们只能遵从日本政府的要求，待在家中。

秋之皓月

距离60公里是 170微希/时， 8000／170＝47小时， 就是说， 那里呆上两天就达到死亡的标准了。。。

秋之皓月

世界卫生组织刚刚发布报告表示，日本福岛核电站辐射水平比预期严重。3月17日，核电站60公里以内测得的辐射水平从0.7微希/时上升到170微希/时。在核电站西北方向30公里处测得的辐射水平最高，目前尚不知原因。此外，美国、韩国和中国台湾省都在其日本返回的人员身上测得辐射水平异常。