-一个中国仆人和哥伦比亚大学东亚学系的建立

山东大汉

-一个中国人和哥伦比亚大学东亚学系的建立
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ealac/chinese/index.html


http://www.columbia.edu/cu/ealac/history.html


Department of East Asian
Languages and Cultures
Columbia University tibetan japanese korean simplified traditional
Department History

"I send you herewith a deposit check for $12,000 as a contribution to the fund for Chinese Learning in your university." This letter, signed by "Dean Lung, a Chinese person", was written to Columbia President Seth Low by the valet of University Trustee General Horace Walpole Carpentier in 1901. Dean Lung's remarkable generosity prompted Carpentier to give additional donations totaling $200,000 in honor of his friend and employee for the endowment of Chinese studies at the University. Thus was founded what would become the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. In 1902 the University appointed its first professor of Chinese, Friedrich Hirth, previously of the University of Munich. Hirth began with the intention of using his own books to support the study of China at Columbia, but in the same year the University received a substantial donation of books from the government of imperial China, founding the University's Chinese book collection, which would form the basis of what is now the C.V. Starr East Asian Library. Later holders of the founding Dean Lung Professorship have included L. Carrington Goodrich, Hans Bielenstein, and its current occupant Madeleine Zelin.

Students from Asia had been coming to study at Columbia since the late 1800s. In the early decades of the twentieth century, a number of them, including Chinese intellectual leader Hu Shih, were attracted to Columbia by the philosopher and educator John Dewey. Ryusaku Tsunoda, who first arrived on campus in 1917 as a student of Dewey, stayed on to become the founder of Japanese studies in the Department. In 1929 the University appointed Tsunoda the curator of the new Japanese library collection contributed by the Japanese Imperial Household and Baron Iwasaki of Mitsubishi. In his classes on Japanese literature and cultural history, Tsunoda inspired many of the founding generation of Asia scholars, including Columbia's Wm. Theodore de Bary and Donald Keene. With the expansion of the Department to include Japan, in 1938 its name was changed to Department of Chinese and Japanese.

The beginning of Columbia's tradition of scholarly excellence in East Asian studies thus coincided with the earliest years of Asian studies in the United States. Well before the Second World War spurred an expanded interest in Asia, the Department established Columbia as one of the few American universities teaching Asian languages, history, literature, religion, and politics.

To address the lack of English sources for undergraduate courses on East Asia, in the 1950s Wm. Theodore de Bary, together with Burton Watson and Donald Keene, launched an ambitious project to translate Asian texts. The resulting series – beginning with Sources of Japanese Tradition, Sources of Chinese Tradition, and Sources of Indian Tradition – now consists of over 150 titles produced by the University Committee on Asia and the Middle East and Columbia University Press since 1958 and is a crucial foundation for the Department's undergraduate courses in particular.

Korean studies, which began at Columbia with a book collection and language instruction during the 1930s, was formally included in 1962 in the renamed Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. Gari Ledyard taught Korean history from 1964 to 2000, overseeing a remarkable expansion in Korean studies.

In 1959 Columbia was named a national center under the new National Defense Education Act. In the more than four decades since then, the U.S. Department of Education has continuously supported East Asian studies at Columbia with substantial annual grants for faculty salaries, student fellowships, and public outreach.

In 2003 a generous grant from the Luce Foundation endowed a new chair in Modern Tibetan Studies in the Department and helped to underwrite Tibetan language study here as well; Columbia has recently used its own funds to put the Tibetan language program on a fully-funded basis, and the Department is thus now one of very few East Asian departments in the country to include Tibetan studies. With new positions established over the last several years or now in process in early Japan, early Chinese history and archaeology, modern Korean literature, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean religions, Chinese and Japanese film, and with plans for future positions in Vietnamese culture and language among others, the Department is growing, and making a serious effort to shape the field of East Asian studies nationally, in important new directions.

During the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s, undergraduate interest in Asia rose sharply, while the Department's graduate programs have produced successive new generations of Asia scholars. With an illustrious professorial faculty now standing at twenty-six members and a nationally leading language faculty of more than twenty lecturers; with a placement rate of nearly one hundred per cent in academic jobs for its PhD graduates in the last decade or more: and with both its undergraduate and MA students going on either to further academic study or to significant non-academic positions in the East Asia field, the Department is a leading participant in the unprecedented flourishing of East Asian studies in the new century, when the study of this part of the world has become integral to undergraduate general education and part of the disciplinary mainstream of the humanities and social sciences.

More than a century after the founding gift in Chinese, the Department and the University boast a faculty, library, and record of educational innovation and service to East Asian studies undreamed of in the days of the generous valet Dean Lung.

yeyeshengge

都是官样文章，有没有什么更有趣生动的细节？

山东大汉

回复 2# yeyeshengge


110年前 一位华工在美国赢得骄傲 ZT


司马烈




                   在美国  著名的哥伦比亚大学东亚系，有一个专门研究中国文化与汉学的教席，名为“丁龙汉学讲座教授（Dean Lung         Professor）”。1901年由贺拉斯．沃尔普．卡朋蒂埃（Horace Walpole   Carpentier）资助设立，目的是纪念一个目不识丁、但却集中国传统伦理道德于一身的华裔工人丁龙。
                  卡朋蒂埃（1824-1918）出生于纽约，毕业于哥伦比亚大学，之后成为了一名律师，曾担任过加利福尼亚州奥克兰市的首任市长。1888年，他回到了故乡纽约，并被选为哥伦比亚大学校董。
                  在加州期间，卡朋蒂埃雇佣了丁龙为自己的男仆，打理日常家务。回纽约后，卡朋蒂埃居住在上州高文镇，丁龙跟随其来到了纽约。由于公事繁忙，卡朋蒂埃时常谩骂丁龙。在一次因为琐事发脾气后，他解雇了丁龙。
                  过了一段时间，卡朋蒂埃所住的房屋突然失火，虽其幸免于难，但损失惨重。丁龙听说这件事后，主动来见卡朋蒂埃，表示愿意继续侍奉在左右。卡朋蒂埃问其走而复返的缘由，丁龙说：“我的故乡有一位古代的圣人，名叫孔子，他教人宽恕之道。他还曾说过‘己所不欲，勿施于人’。如今先生家遭遇火灾，且独自居住。我先前为先生的仆从，听说这件事后内心不忍，因此回来，愿意继续做先生的仆从。”
                  卡朋蒂埃大加赞叹，说：“我不知道你是读书人，能读古代的圣人之书。”丁龙却回覆说自己并不识字，也不是读书人，孔子所言都是自己的父亲告诉的。
                  闻之大惊的卡朋蒂埃遂问道：“那你的父亲一定是读书人了，这也很好。”丁龙回答道：“我的父亲既不识字，也不是读书人，祖父、曾祖父也都是如此。但这是我们的家训，世世相传，因此才知道孔子所言。”
                  卡朋蒂埃听后，更加感慨，从此不再谩骂丁龙。两人相处如朋友。
                  又过了些年，丁龙生了重病。临终前对卡朋蒂埃说：“我住在先生这里，衣食无忧，您所给的工资，一直积攒着。现在我将不久于人世，我在这里没有相熟的朋友，在老家也没有妻室，因此愿意将这些钱奉还给先生，以感谢您这些年来的相敬之意。”（以上内容参见钱穆先生的《中国史学发微》）
                  卡朋蒂埃十分感动，于是决定将这笔钱以及自己额外追加的钱款捐给纽约哥伦比亚大学用于设立“丁龙汉学讲座教授”一职。
                  1901年6月8日，卡朋蒂埃写信给哥伦比亚大学校长。“50多年来，我是从喝威士忌和抽烟草的账单里一点一点地省出钱来。这笔钱随此信奉上。我以诚悦之心情将此献予您去筹建一个中国语言、文学、宗教和法律的系；并愿您以丁龙汉学讲座教授为之命名。这笔捐赠是无条件的，唯一的条件是不必提及我的名字。但是我还想保留今后再追加赠款的权利……”
                  同年6月28日，丁龙也写信捐出了自己的积蓄。他在写给校长的信中标明“谨此奉上一万二千美元现金支票作为对贵校中国学研究基金的捐款”，并在署名中写上了“一个中国人”。
                  据说，当时哥伦比亚大学校方是不愿意以丁龙这样一个无名之辈来命名和设立一个系科或讲座的，他们曾想用当时清朝总理大臣李鸿章的名义（李当时刚刚访问过纽约，在纽约家喻户晓）或者清朝驻美大使伍廷芳的名义来命名这个讲座。但卡朋蒂埃坚持己见，称若不以丁龙的名义命名，他就撤资。
                  卡朋蒂埃还在写给哥伦比亚大学校长的信中谈到了他眼中的丁龙：“丁龙的身份没有任何问题。他不是一个神话，而是真人真事。我可以这样说，在我有幸所遇之出身寒微却生性高贵具天生的绅士性格的人中，如果真有那种天性善良、从不伤害别人的人，他就是一个。”最终，哥大校长妥协了。


                  丁龙去世后，卡朋蒂埃十分伤心。此后，卡朋蒂埃又陆续捐款给该教席，捐款额高达50多万美元。据悉，丁龙汉学讲座教授开设至今，已有6位学者获得了此项殊荣。而更让人惊奇的是，在卡朋蒂埃晚年居住的纽约上州高文镇，还有一条一百年前命名的“丁龙路”。一百年来，小镇上的人们用这种别致的方式来铭记一位在美国做过贡献的东方人。
                  是什么让丁龙这样一个普通的中国人变得如此高贵、如此受人尊敬，难道不值得今天每一个中国人省思吗？