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tellurium
Hello:
I had a question about tellurium 132. I found this on google:
Tellurium 125, 128, 130125Te 127Te 128Te 129Te 130Te 131Te 132Te
Tellurium-132 and its daughter 132I are important in the first few days after a criticality. It was responsible for a large fraction of the dose inflicted on workers at Chernobyl in the first week.
(Heading to a direction of Chernobyl.... just the matter of time...!! The final result could be even worse.... )
The isobar forming 132Te/132I is: Tin-132 (half life 40 s) decaying to antimony-132 (half life 2.8 minutes) decaying to tellurium-132 (half life 3.2 days) decaying to iodine-132 (half life 2.3 hours) which decays to stable xenon-132.
The fact that tellurium has been detected here in California, is that evidence that it indeed came to a meltdown in Japan?
Or does telurium get produced in a normal reactor without meltdown?
Is it possible that the Japanese hide the fact that a melt down occured if tellurium indeed only appears in a meltdown? Also, I read about Xenon found in airsamples, did you find any in the water?
thank you.
Simone作者: 秋之皓月 时间: 2011-3-25 19:00
本帖最后由 秋之皓月 于 2011-3-25 19:01 编辑
Home » Forums » Berkeley Radiological Air and Water Monitoring Forum
Fallout effects from Fukushima on the US west coast...
Are they wrong? If you could give a scientific explanation why it might make me feel a little better about this situation...
Here is an excerpt:
[slightly technical] A nuclear engineering academic
department scientist at a university in California has recently made
public the concentrations of radioactive material found in rain water collected
on the roof of a hall on a Berkeley campus. The values reported for March 19 were
measurements of 5.61 Becquerels per Liter for Iodine-131 and 0.26
Becquerels per Liter for Cesium-137 (a sampling run ending on 3/20
found slightly lower levels of Cesium-137 and 7.1 Becquerels per Liter for Iodine-131.)
If our calculations are correct, and
the units convert to 151 picocuries per Liter of water for Iodine-131 for the March 19th values, then each liter of tap
water consumed at these levels will give affected Americans a thyroid dose of
about 1 millirem (or 1,000 microRems). [NRC NUREG 1.109 rev. 1
Oct. '77 gives 0.0139 milliRems thryoid dose per pCi of I-131 for infants; and
0.00195 mRem for adults). We use average of 0.008 milliRems thryoid dose per pCi. ]
If our estimates are correct, each
liter of tap water (March 19th values) with Cesium-137 is 25% of the levels that scared the pants
off Taiwanese officials on March 20 when imports of Japanese beans were measured at '1
becquerel of cesium ...detected in 1 kilogram (about 2 pounds) of fava bean.'
The Berkeley lab's levels are equal
to 7 picoCuries per liter/or kilogram of Cesium-137 in rainwater, which, if
manifested at those levels in grown foods, this would be similar to lower levels
in the U.S. food supply in the 1960s. More maps on that here.
How do foods become contaminated
by rainwater? It is well established that cow milk tends to
reflect a concentration about 1,000 times the levels of radioiodines in the air over a pasture.
This effect, called bioaccumulation, also applies (although to a lesser extent) to cesium-137 and
strontium-90 in milk.
The radioactive
'distilling' effect in the air-grass-cow-milk-human chain is enhanced when it rains because
precipitation is more effective at depositing airborne radioactive debris to the ground
than with 'dry deposition.' Even on dry feed lots, cows drink from puddles of rain
water and are exposed in other ways to their rain-soaked environment.
So, the slightly
radioactive levels in California air - according to recently
released EPA data - that included a high reading of 0.068 picoCuries per cubic meter (March 18, San Francisco, CA) for
iodine-131 means that pasture-fed dairy cow milk measuring 68 picoCuries per
*liter* may have recently been on Bay Area store shelves. Iodine-131 levels in milk could have been even higher than this because the EPA failed to correct for the fact that iodine-131 captured on the San Francisco RADNET filter
decayed during transit to the EPA's lab in the Southeast. Although
public health officials might consider these levels to be of zero concern,
prolonged intakes of contaminated milk might pose a health danger to toddlers, infants or young children. State and federal public
health officials need to determine the impact of sustained and uncertain radioiodine inputs to the thyroid glands
of the young. The daily rate of
exposure is not the issue - it is the cumulative exposure that could lead to
dire problems down the road.作者: buhuyou 时间: 2011-3-25 19:06
iodine-131 means that pasture-fed dairy cow milk measuring 68 picoCuries per
*liter* may have recently been on Bay Area store shelves. Iodine-131 levels in milk could have been even higher than this because the EPA failed to correct for the fact that iodine-131 captured on the San Francisco RADNET filter
decayed during transit to the EPA's lab in the Southeast. Although
public health officials might consider these levels to be of zero concern,
prolonged intakes of contaminated milk might pose a health danger to toddlers, infants or young children. State and federal public
health officials need to determine the impact of sustained and uncertain radioiodine inputs to the thyroid glands
of the young. The daily rate of
exposure is not the issue - it is the cumulative exposure that could lead to
dire problems down the road.作者: 秋之皓月 时间: 2011-3-25 21:11
Why is nobody else getting concerned about the tap water???
I just sat back and contemplated the current state of the knowledge we have, from the respected Nuclear Engineering department at UCB, which is that the rain water that has been falling down on the bay area for the past 7 days has contained 50 times more radioactivity than the EPA recommends for drinking water. At the same time the amount of rain has been enormous, a historical record with flooding in many areas. So one would think that even a simple mind would add 1+1 and realize that "Hey, chances are that our drinking water has received a large admixture from this rainwater. That admixture might well be 2% (in which case our tap water would already be more radioactive than the EPA recommends), but it could be significantly higher as well. Who can tell that it's not 20%, given the torrential rainfalls we had over the last couple of days? What surprises me is that very few people are asking the same question, and hardly anybody seems to take precautions. What is going on? Do I live in a separate reality?作者: buhuyou 时间: 2011-3-25 23:26
WHO: Food contamination by Japan nuclear plant a 'serious' concern
Geneva - Contamination of food products by radiation from an earthquake and tsunami-damaged nuclear plant in Japan may be more serious than originally thought, a World Health Organization official said Monday.
Last week, the WHO had said that if there was any contamination, it would only be in agricultural products from within a 30-kilometre radius of the stricken Fukushima plant. But recent reports indicate the problem might be more widespread.
"This is something we are finding out about more and more. Things have certainly moved on since last week," a WHO official told the German Press Agency dpa.
"I think it is serious, but how serious remains to be seem," the official said, adding that a team of experts was meeting at WHO headquarters in Geneva to determine the extent of the situation.作者: 秋之皓月 时间: 2011-3-26 01:28
...'Of the items on this list of laboratory analyses that the EPA *may* perform depending on circumstances, the
EPA has only moved forward on the first one. The EPA has not conducted the
second analysis - alpha spectroscopy for plutonium-239 in air. Apparently, the EPA believes that plutonium from Japan's reactor accident somehow disappeared from the Earth and only gamma-emitting radioactive solids
(radioiodines, radiocesiums and radiotelluriums) have arrived in U.S. air masses.
EPA has also not conducted the sixth
analysis on the list. Strontium-89 and -90 are pure beta-emitting radioisotopes that
are lighter than
cesium-137. Assuming also that these radiostrontiums do not mysteriously
vanish with plutonium from the Earth, because they are relatively light in
weight they are likely to be carried across the Pacific Ocean in greater
quantities than radioiodines and radiocesiums. If radiostroniums are present in U.S.
air, we don't know about it because the EPA has chosen to not test for it.
The
EPA has placed no priority on performing a full suite of laboratory analyses on the air
that is affecting Americans - and also our friends in U.S. territories.
There is no excuse for this. The first detected
levels of non-gaseous fission products from the plumes from Fukushima were found on
filters removed from RADNET stations on March 18 and it appears that if the EPA
wanted to run all analyses on the above list on those filters we would have
that data by now: 'Turnaround
times for alpha-particle spectrometry, and liquid scintillation counting may be
as short as one or two days in an emergency. Strontium-90 analysis requires more
time, because a delay of several days is needed to allow the decay product Y-90
to build up before counting begins.' [p.71]
Radiostrontiums and plutonium
isotopes are very poisonous substances and pose greater long-term health dangers than
cesium-137.Strontium-89, a pure beta emitter, is likely be present in dairy
products in Japan and the U.S. 牛奶别喝了!!!If the EPA has already conducted
the various analyses mentioned, why don't they make this data available? Are
they withholding this data?
It should also be noted that the EPA made
the decision to not upgrade its RADNET air monitoring network to include onsite-spectroscopy
for analysis of alpha
and beta radiation or continuous alpha and beta spectrometry. We are
paying for that poor decision right now. This capability, which is in use by the CTBTO,
means that monitoring stations can run the isotope analyses (1-6) remotely and
relatively quickly.
[B]Time to get angry
As unknown quanitities of largely unknown radioactive substances migrate across North America from the Fukushima releases, the EPA is responding by dragging its feet,
downplaying radiation risks, obfuscating beta and alpha particle concerns, and
demonstrating utter lack of concern for public health.
The EPA is pretending that the contaminated air masses from Japan will simply blow right past the
U.S. and will not harm a thing or incorporate into a single life form. The fact of the matter
is the EPA is alone and sleeping in the air traffic control tower
of America's environment. This is our only environment and our environment is inextricably bound to our livelihoods and our lifestyles. When we are left to fly blindly, we are a nation in crisis. As we learn to
resourcefully navigate our way without the help of our missing-in-action environmental agency, we must realize that the power loaned to the government was loaned
by us, and we have the tools to heal or amputate the diseased institutions of our elected democracy.作者: 秋之皓月 时间: 2011-3-26 02:10
I am very concerned about Japan and even the US now. Nobody is talking about this. UC Berkeley doesn't have the equipment to measure small amounts of plutonium which can be very dangerous. The EPA had released any data since Tuesday!?!?作者: 秋之皓月 时间: 2011-3-26 02:15
Here is I-131 data to compare
Submitted by Dmitry (not verified) on Fri, 2011-03-25 05:48.
Average level in river water near nuclear plants in Russia: 0.05 Bq/L
Safe level according WHO: 1 Bq/L
Observed level in Bay Area as of today: 9 Bq/L
Russian evacuation threshold levels child/adult: 100/300 Bq/L Level in Pripyat river near Chernobyl plant first weeks after accident: 5,000 Bq/L
Level in Pacific ocean near Fukushima plant as of yesterday: 5,000 Bq/L
Another information on food chain attenuation of Cs-137 (Chernobyl studies):
Soil -> Grass -> Cow Meat -> Cow Milk
辐射带来的食品安全顾虑已经致使美国、新加坡、德国、加拿大、澳大利亚等多个国家纷纷宣布限制从日本受核辐射影响的地区进口奶制品、水果、蔬菜、海产以及肉类等食品。对此,日本政府呼吁各国遵守世界贸易组织(WT O )的规定,不要无限上纲,显示出日本政府忧心整体出口将大受影响。
日本政府表示,WT O 3月29日将召开贸易交涉委员会会议,30、31日将召开食品安全委员会会议,日本将在会上说明针对农产品的出口等已采取适当措施,希望各国不要对来自日本的产品过度反应。日本政府认为,外国禁止所有日本农产品出口是缺乏科学根据的。希望WT O成员根据世贸协议,不要采取超乎必要的限制贸易措施。日本财务省表示,受国内生产受滞以及国外需求减少等因素影响,出口大幅下滑,特别是食品出口举步维艰,下滑趋势预计将持续数月。
日本第一生命经济研究所经济学家永滨利广认为,如果东京电力公司一年减少25%的电力供应,同时限制电力需求总量,企业缩小生产规模将导致日本的实际G D P增长率下降1个百分点。用金额来表示,将大约减少5.2万亿日元。在震灾影响经济增长的基础上,加上限制电力需求总量的影响,2011年度日本的实际G D P可能出现零增长。
Monday, March 28, 2011 10:55:53 AM
(JP) TEPCO said to have detected plutonium in the soil around the Fukushima reactor complex, amounts of plutonium found "not harmful to human health" - Japan press作者: 海阔天空 时间: 2011-3-28 11:23
Three types of plutonium have turned up amid the radioactive contamination on the grounds of the earthquake-damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, its owner reported Monday.
The plutonium is a byproduct of nuclear reactions that is also part of the fuel mix at the damaged No. 3 reactor.
It was found in soil at five different points inside the plant grounds, the Tokyo Electric Power Company said late Monday.
Plutonium can be a serious health hazard if inhaled or ingested, but external exposure poses little health risk, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.作者: 秋之皓月 时间: 2011-3-29 14:14
一群傻冒!
开着消防水龙使劲喷吧
现在傻了?
美国科学家说,日本核电厂产生的辐射水过多,无处可以存放,情况非常危险。
科学家关心联盟(Union of Concerned Scientists,UCS)28日表示,日本当局用直升机向核电厂浇水,并用喷水柱向反应炉喷水,产生大量辐射水。
Tokyo (CNN) -- Radiation levels in a Japanese town outside a government-ordered evacuation zone have exceeded one of the criteria for evacuation, the International Atomic Energy Agency said Wednesday.
The agency said it advised Japan "to carefully assess the situation."
The elevated levels were found in Iitate, a town of 7,000 residents about 40 kilometers (25 miles) northwest of the earthquake- and tsunami-damaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the agency said. The evacuation zone covers a 20-kilometer (13-mile) radius around the plant.
The agency did not say what levels it found in Iitate, but the environmental group Greenpeace said Sunday it had found radiation levels in the town that were more than 50 times above normal.
Though that is far below the level that would cause radiation sickness, it does pose a risk of cancer to residents in the long term, Greenpeace said.